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Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Waters and Groundwater Around Artisanal Gold Mining Areas in Central-western Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa

Received: 4 September 2021     Accepted: 5 October 2021     Published: 15 October 2021
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Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb distribution and the health risks in surface waters and groundwater around artisanal mining areas in the central-western Côte d'Ivoire. Trace metals spatial distributions were assessed using ArGIS method. Waters pollution status were ascertained through water pollution indices. Human health risk was investigated using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks indices. In surface waters, the same distribution trends were observed for Ni and Cd, and, for Hg and Pb. While, the distribution patterns of Zn and Cr differed from those of Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Trace metals (Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb) concentrations in groundwater were within their guidelines values. While, the averages total of Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations for the surface waters exceeded their guidelines values. The pollution status revealed high and low pollution levels of surface waters and groundwater, respectively. Averages of the total non-carcinogenic risk for Hg, Cd, Ni and Pb in surface waters varied between 1.529±1.162 and 80.507±104.615, indicating adverse effects to human health. The averages total carcinogenic risks for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr indicated that the population around the artisanal gold mining area could develop cancer. Therefore, it is important to treat waters for removing trace metals before using for domestic purposes.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15
Page(s) 136-151
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Trace Metals, Pollution Assessment, Risks Assessment, Surface Waters, Groundwater

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    Zoumana Traore, N’guessan Louis Berenger Kouassi, Alain Stephane Assemian, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Patrick Drogui, et al. (2021). Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Waters and Groundwater Around Artisanal Gold Mining Areas in Central-western Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 9(5), 136-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15

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    Zoumana Traore; N’guessan Louis Berenger Kouassi; Alain Stephane Assemian; Konan Edmond Kouassi; Patrick Drogui, et al. Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Waters and Groundwater Around Artisanal Gold Mining Areas in Central-western Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2021, 9(5), 136-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15

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    Zoumana Traore, N’guessan Louis Berenger Kouassi, Alain Stephane Assemian, Konan Edmond Kouassi, Patrick Drogui, et al. Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Waters and Groundwater Around Artisanal Gold Mining Areas in Central-western Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2021;9(5):136-151. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15,
      author = {Zoumana Traore and N’guessan Louis Berenger Kouassi and Alain Stephane Assemian and Konan Edmond Kouassi and Patrick Drogui and Kouassi Benjamin Yao},
      title = {Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Waters and Groundwater Around Artisanal Gold Mining Areas in Central-western Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {9},
      number = {5},
      pages = {136-151},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20210905.15},
      abstract = {The present study aimed to evaluate Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb distribution and the health risks in surface waters and groundwater around artisanal mining areas in the central-western Côte d'Ivoire. Trace metals spatial distributions were assessed using ArGIS method. Waters pollution status were ascertained through water pollution indices. Human health risk was investigated using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks indices. In surface waters, the same distribution trends were observed for Ni and Cd, and, for Hg and Pb. While, the distribution patterns of Zn and Cr differed from those of Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Trace metals (Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb) concentrations in groundwater were within their guidelines values. While, the averages total of Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations for the surface waters exceeded their guidelines values. The pollution status revealed high and low pollution levels of surface waters and groundwater, respectively. Averages of the total non-carcinogenic risk for Hg, Cd, Ni and Pb in surface waters varied between 1.529±1.162 and 80.507±104.615, indicating adverse effects to human health. The averages total carcinogenic risks for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr indicated that the population around the artisanal gold mining area could develop cancer. Therefore, it is important to treat waters for removing trace metals before using for domestic purposes.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Surface Waters and Groundwater Around Artisanal Gold Mining Areas in Central-western Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa
    AU  - Zoumana Traore
    AU  - N’guessan Louis Berenger Kouassi
    AU  - Alain Stephane Assemian
    AU  - Konan Edmond Kouassi
    AU  - Patrick Drogui
    AU  - Kouassi Benjamin Yao
    Y1  - 2021/10/15
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 136
    EP  - 151
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20210905.15
    AB  - The present study aimed to evaluate Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb distribution and the health risks in surface waters and groundwater around artisanal mining areas in the central-western Côte d'Ivoire. Trace metals spatial distributions were assessed using ArGIS method. Waters pollution status were ascertained through water pollution indices. Human health risk was investigated using non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks indices. In surface waters, the same distribution trends were observed for Ni and Cd, and, for Hg and Pb. While, the distribution patterns of Zn and Cr differed from those of Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb. Trace metals (Ni, Cr, Cd, Zn, Hg and Pb) concentrations in groundwater were within their guidelines values. While, the averages total of Ni, Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations for the surface waters exceeded their guidelines values. The pollution status revealed high and low pollution levels of surface waters and groundwater, respectively. Averages of the total non-carcinogenic risk for Hg, Cd, Ni and Pb in surface waters varied between 1.529±1.162 and 80.507±104.615, indicating adverse effects to human health. The averages total carcinogenic risks for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr indicated that the population around the artisanal gold mining area could develop cancer. Therefore, it is important to treat waters for removing trace metals before using for domestic purposes.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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  • Laboratory of Industrial Processes of Synthesis, Environment and New Energies (LAPISEN), Felix Houphou?t-Boigny National Polytechnic Institute, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast

  • Department of Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, University of Peleforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo, Ivory Coast

  • Laboratory of Thermodynamic and Physical Chemistry of the Environment, University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

  • Laboratory of Thermodynamic and Physical Chemistry of the Environment, University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

  • National Institute of Scientific Research, University of Quebec, Quebec City, Canada

  • Laboratory of Industrial Processes of Synthesis, Environment and New Energies (LAPISEN), Felix Houphou?t-Boigny National Polytechnic Institute, Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast

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