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Particle Sizes of Aerosols Produced by Nine Indoor Perfumes and Deodorants

Received: 4 November 2014     Accepted: 25 November 2014     Published: 7 December 2015
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Abstract

Air fresheners are very popular and their aerosols contain components known to be toxic but we lack data on their penetration in the lungs which is dependent on their particle sizes. Thus we measured the particles sizes of various indoor deodorants and/or perfumes and derived an estimation of their regional deposition in the lungs. We used an Electronical Low Pressure Impactor which can separate aerodynamic diameters as low as 0.006 (6 nm) and as high as 10 µm. For all of our samples, 82 to 99% of the total number of particles have sizes of less than 0.3 µm and are thus susceptible to penetrate up to the smallest bronchi and alveoli: for a nose-breathing adult the probability of deposition in the airways of an aerosol with a MMAD of 0.2 µm is of 30% of the inhaled quantity, of which 15 % in alveoli and 3% in the bronchi according to the ICRP model. These results suggest a deposition in the deep lung and thus a potential for diffusion into the blood for most of the tested products.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11
Page(s) 377-381
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Air Fresheners, Deodorizers, Vapors, Fumes, Airways Deposition, Indoor Pollution

References
[1] Y. Chi-Ru, L. Ta-Chang and C. Feng-Hsiang. ‘Particle size distribution and PAH concentrations of incense smoke in a combustion chamber.’ Environmental Pollution. 2007, 145, 606–615.
[2] J.J Jetter, Z. Guo, J.A. McBrian and M.R. Flynn. ‘Characterization of emissions from burning incense.’ Science of the Total Environment. 2002, 295, 51–67.
[3] A. Renoux. and D. Boulaud, ‘Les aérosols. Physique et métrologie’ Lavoisier Tech et Docs. 1998.
[4] US Environmental Protection Agency.US 2004 EPA Air Quality Guidelines. http://airnow.gov
[5] International Commission on Radiation Protection. Publication 66,.Pergamon Press, 1994 24, 1-3. 482.
[6] J.P. Zock, E. Plana, D. Jarvis., J.M. Antó, H. Kromhout, S.M. Kennedy et al. ‘The Use of household cleaning sprays and adult asthma. An international longitudinal study.’ Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007, 8,735-741.
[7] M. Lazaridis, V. Aleksandropoulou and J. Smolik, ‘Physico-chemical characterization of indoor/oudoor particulate matter in two residential houses in Oslo, Norway: measurements overview and physical properties.’ Indoor Air, 2006, 16,282-295.
[8] Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks 2006 ‘Opinion on the report “Emission of chemicals by air fresheners. Tests on 74 consumer products sold in Europe.’ January 2005”. http://ec.europa.eu/health/ph_risk/committees/04_scher/docs/scher_o_026.pdf
[9] Natural Resources Defense Council. 2007 http://www.nrdc.org/health/home/airfresheners/fairfresheners.pdf
[10] F. Maupetit, and F. Squinazi. ‘Caractérisation des émissions de benzène et de formaldéhyde lors de la combustion d’encens et de bougies d’intérieur: élaboration de scénarios d’exposition et conseils d’utilisation.’ Environnement, Risques & Santé, 2009, 8, 109-118.
[11] P.M. Fine, G.R. Cass and B.R.T. Simoneit. ‘Characterization of fine particle emissions from burning church candles.’ Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33, 2352–2362.
[12] A. Afsari, U. Matson and L.E. Ekberg. ‘Characterization of indoor sources of fine and ultrafine particles: a study conducted in a full-scale chamber.’ Indoor Air, 2005, 15, 141-150.
[13] M.H. Becquemin, J.F. Bertholon, M. Attoui, F. Roy, M. Roy and B. Dautzenberg. ‘Particle sizes in the smoke produced by six different types of cigarettes.’ Rev. Mal. Respir, 2007, 24, 845-852.
[14] M.H. Becquemin, J.F. Bertholon, M. Attoui, F. Roy, M. Roy and B. Dautzenberg. ‘Particle sizes in water pipe smoke.’ Rev. Mal. Respir, 2008, 25, 839-846.
[15] J.F. Bertholon, M.H. Becquemin, M. Roy, F. Roy, I. Annesi Maesano and B. Dautzenberg. ‘Comparaison de l’aérosol de la cigarette électronique à celui des cigarettes ordinaires et de la chicha.’ Rev. Mal. Respir. 2013, Doi: 10.1016/j.rmr.2013.03.003.
[16] A. Bouchikhi, M.H. Becquemin, J. Bignon, M. Roy and A. Teillac, ‘Particle size study of nine metered dose inhalers and their deposition probablilities in the airways.’ Eur. Resp. J. 1988, 1, 547-552.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Jean-François Bertholon, Marie-Hélène Becquemin, Monique Roy, Francis Roy, David Ledur, et al. (2015). Particle Sizes of Aerosols Produced by Nine Indoor Perfumes and Deodorants. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(6), 377-381. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11

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    ACS Style

    Jean-François Bertholon; Marie-Hélène Becquemin; Monique Roy; Francis Roy; David Ledur, et al. Particle Sizes of Aerosols Produced by Nine Indoor Perfumes and Deodorants. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(6), 377-381. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11

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    AMA Style

    Jean-François Bertholon, Marie-Hélène Becquemin, Monique Roy, Francis Roy, David Ledur, et al. Particle Sizes of Aerosols Produced by Nine Indoor Perfumes and Deodorants. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(6):377-381. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11,
      author = {Jean-François Bertholon and Marie-Hélène Becquemin and Monique Roy and Francis Roy and David Ledur and Isabella Annesi-Maesano and Bertrand Dautzenberg},
      title = {Particle Sizes of Aerosols Produced by Nine Indoor Perfumes and Deodorants},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {377-381},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150306.11},
      abstract = {Air fresheners are very popular and their aerosols contain components known to be toxic but we lack data on their penetration in the lungs which is dependent on their particle sizes. Thus we measured the particles sizes of various indoor deodorants and/or perfumes and derived an estimation of their regional deposition in the lungs. We used an Electronical Low Pressure Impactor which can separate aerodynamic diameters as low as 0.006 (6 nm) and as high as 10 µm. For all of our samples, 82 to 99% of the total number of particles have sizes of less than 0.3 µm and are thus susceptible to penetrate up to the smallest bronchi and alveoli: for a nose-breathing adult the probability of deposition in the airways of an aerosol with a MMAD of 0.2 µm is of 30% of the inhaled quantity, of which 15 % in alveoli and 3% in the bronchi according to the ICRP model. These results suggest a deposition in the deep lung and thus a potential for diffusion into the blood for most of the tested products.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - Particle Sizes of Aerosols Produced by Nine Indoor Perfumes and Deodorants
    AU  - Jean-François Bertholon
    AU  - Marie-Hélène Becquemin
    AU  - Monique Roy
    AU  - Francis Roy
    AU  - David Ledur
    AU  - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
    AU  - Bertrand Dautzenberg
    Y1  - 2015/12/07
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 377
    EP  - 381
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.11
    AB  - Air fresheners are very popular and their aerosols contain components known to be toxic but we lack data on their penetration in the lungs which is dependent on their particle sizes. Thus we measured the particles sizes of various indoor deodorants and/or perfumes and derived an estimation of their regional deposition in the lungs. We used an Electronical Low Pressure Impactor which can separate aerodynamic diameters as low as 0.006 (6 nm) and as high as 10 µm. For all of our samples, 82 to 99% of the total number of particles have sizes of less than 0.3 µm and are thus susceptible to penetrate up to the smallest bronchi and alveoli: for a nose-breathing adult the probability of deposition in the airways of an aerosol with a MMAD of 0.2 µm is of 30% of the inhaled quantity, of which 15 % in alveoli and 3% in the bronchi according to the ICRP model. These results suggest a deposition in the deep lung and thus a potential for diffusion into the blood for most of the tested products.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Aerosols Particle Sizing and Lung Deposition Laboratory, Pulmonary Function Department, Paris, France

  • Aerosols Particle Sizing and Lung Deposition Laboratory, Pulmonary Function Department, Paris, France

  • SureDyna Montrouge, Paris, France

  • Ecomesure, Janvry, Paris, France

  • Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France

  • Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France

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