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Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Received: 25 July 2013     Published: 10 September 2013
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Abstract

This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
Page(s) 167-174
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Natural Radioactivity, Produced Water, Oil Fields, Delta State

References
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[10] Gafvert.T and Faerevik.I. 2004: Natural Radioactivity in Produced Water from Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry in 2003.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O. (2013). Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(5), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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    ACS Style

    Avwiri Gregory O.; Esi Emmanuel; Agbalagba Ezekiel O. Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(5), 167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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    AMA Style

    Avwiri Gregory O., Esi Emmanuel, Agbalagba Ezekiel O. Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(5):167-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11,
      author = {Avwiri Gregory O. and Esi Emmanuel and Agbalagba Ezekiel O.},
      title = {Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {1},
      number = {5},
      pages = {167-174},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130105.11},
      abstract = {This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Gamma Spectroscopy Analysis of Produced Water from Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
    AU  - Avwiri Gregory O.
    AU  - Esi Emmanuel
    AU  - Agbalagba Ezekiel O.
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 167
    EP  - 174
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130105.11
    AB  - This paper present the findings of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra and 40K) carried out on produced water collected from seven oil and gas fields onshore of Delta State, using gamma spectroscopy. Twenty- one produced water samples from seven flow stations waste pit were collected within the oil fields using standard methods. The average specific activity concentrations for the radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra are 48.7813.67Bql-1, 6.042.48Bql-1 and 5.182.14Bql-1 respectively. These obtained values are higher than the WHO, 2008 recommended standard limit of 10Bql-1, 1.0Bql-1 and 0.1Bql-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra respectively. Radium equivalent have average activity concentration of 14.365.55Bql-1 while the average absorbed dose rate of 6.68mSvy-1 was found to be higher than the UNSCEAR 2000 acceptable standard of 1.5mSvy-1. Although the hazard indices (Hex, Hin) calculated are still within their tolerable levels, the estimated committed effective dose due to intake of the sampled water for all the produced water considered are far above the ICRP 0.1 mSvyr-1 maximum permissible limit. The result indicates some level of water pollution in the studied water samples. This work will add to the world data base of natural radionuclide in produced water from crude oil.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • Department of Physics, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria

  • Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

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